Brown V. The Board Of Education - 1136 Words

Brown v. The Board of Education Topeka, Kansas, 1950, a young African-American girl named Linda Brown had to walk a mile to get to her school, crossing a railroad switchyard. She lived seven blocks from an all white school. Linda’s father, Oliver, tried to enroll her into the all white school. The school denied her because of the color of her skin. Segregation was widespread throughout our nation. Blacks believed that the â€Å"separate but equal† saying was false. They felt that whites had more educational opportunities. Mr. Brown, along with the NAACP and many civic leaders, fought for equal educational rights for all races. Brown v. The Board of Education case and the events leading up to it had a positive effect on education and society. Community events in our country leading up to the Brown v. The Board of Education case were segregated. The Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896 made segregation stronger with the â€Å"separate but equal† doctrine. Blacks and whites are separated in all areas of society, including education(â€Å"Supreme Court Decisions†). Segregation in schools existed throughout the nation. While segregated schools were legal, they were never equal(Walker). There was a lack of educational and equal rights in African-American communist(Walker). By the 1950’s, the African-American communities were fed-up with not having the same educational rights and opportunities as white americans. An African-American team, lead by Thurgood Marshall, won several cases involvingShow MoreRelatedThe Brown V. Board Of Education1303 Words   |  6 PagesBarbara Johns, the Sixteen Year-old Girl Whose Voice was Heard Sixty-two years ago, the Supreme Court ruled the â€Å"separate but equal† doctrine unconstitutional. The decision from the Plessy v. Ferguson case was lawfully denounced by the Brown v. Board of Education. The Brown case, which was initiated by the members of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), served as a stimulus for challenging segregation in all areas of society, especially in public educational institutionsRead MoreBrown V. Board Of Education1294 Words   |  6 PagesTracey Counts American Government Vidrio 5 May 2017 Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court cases are cases in which their is so much controversy in the case that it needs to be handled by the Supreme Court of the United States or SCOTUS. Brown v. The Board of Education is a very intrical part of our United States history. This Supreme Court case desegregated public schools in the United States in 1954. The case involved saying no to African American children equal rights to state publicRead MoreBrown V. Board of Education1755 Words   |  8 PagesBrown v. Board of Education Ronald Still Embry Riddle Aeronautical University Brown v. Board of Education Background The Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education dates back to 1954, the case was centered on the Fourteenth Amendment and challenged the segregation of schools solely on the basis of race. The Brown case was not the only case of its time involving school segregation, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was leading the push to desegregateRead MoreBrown V. Board Of Education2409 Words   |  10 PagesBrown vs. Board of Education Brown v. Board of Education Brown v. Board of education case took place in 1954. It is one of the most important cases in the American history of racial prejudice. The U.S. Supreme Court recognized separate schools for blacks and whites unconstitutional. This decision became an important event of struggle against racial segregation in the United States. The Brown case proved that there is no way a separation on the base of race to be in a democratic society. BrownRead MoreBrown V. Board Of Education830 Words   |  4 PagesBrown v. Board of Education The Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case is a well-known case that went to the Incomparable Court for racial reasons with the leading body of training. The case was really the name given to five separate cases that were heard by the U.S. Preeminent Court concerning the issue of isolation in state funded schools. These cases were Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Briggs v. Elliot, Davis v. Board of Education of Prince Edward County (VA.), Boiling v. Sharpe,Read MoreBrown V. Board Of Education942 Words   |  4 PagesBrown v. Board of Education was a landmark case that was decided by the Supreme Court of America in 1954. It is a case that is believed to have brought to an end decades of increasing racial segregation that was experienced in America’s public schools. The landmark decision of this case was resolved from six separate cases that originated from four states. The Supreme Court is believed to have preferred rearguments in the case because of its preference f or presentation of briefs. The briefs wereRead MoreBrown V. The Board Of Education2038 Words   |  9 PagesBrown v. the Board of Education was a case that helped shaped America’s education system into what it is today. ‘Separate but equal’ is phrase well attributed to the civil rights movement in all aspects of life: water fountains, movie theaters, restaurants, bathrooms, schools, and much more. This phrase was coined legal in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896. Plessy v. Ferguson said that racial segregation of public facilities was legal so long as they were ‘equal.’ Before this even, Black Codes, passed inRead MoreThe Brown V. Board Of Education Essay2309 Words   |  10 PagesThe Brown v. Board of Education was a case that was initiated by members of the local NAACP (National association Advancement of Colored People) organization in Topeka, Kansas where thirteen parents volunteered to participate of the segregation during school. Parents took their children to schools in their neighborhoods in the summer of 1950 and attempted to enroll them for the upcoming school year. All students were refused admission and were forced to attend one of the four schools in the cityRead MoreThe Case Of Brown V. Board Of Education982 Words   |  4 PagesEducation is a valuable service in society that strengthen a workforce, a nation and bring forth awareness. Why should this be limited based on race or because of economic reasons, the quality should represent where the schools are located, if they are public? The Public School system belongs to society and those who contribute to what supports the education system. In choosing Brown v. Board of Education, a case which continues to have a great impact to this day, taking into consideration what wasRead MoreThe Case Of Brown V. Board Of Education Essay793 Words   |  4 Pagesin schools became apparent when the court case of Brown v. the Board of Education (1955) began to challenge the school systems. It brought up the unfair advantages minority children were facing in the separate but equal school systems. The ruling of this case pointed out the obstruction of parent s rights presented in the Fourteenth Amendment, and ultimately led to the ruling of all schools becoming integrated. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, 349 U.S. 294 (1955) Fourteenth

Movie Review The Machinist - 1984 Words

The movie â€Å"The Machinist† was a psychological thriller film first written by Scott Kosar then directed by Brad Anderson, it was first on air in 2004. The main character of the film was named Trevor Reznik, who suffered from a psychological disease called insomnia, leads to obsessive compulsions to write down things on a note-it and leave it on the fridge door as a reminder and unusual hallucinations of a new co-worker that cause life threatening and health harming problems for himself and along the people around him. He is hunted by brief flashes of memories such as his car cigarette lighter takes a menacing air, and a mysterious game with note-its, depicting a note-it puzzle game with a â€Å"hangman†. Movie starts†¦show more content†¦The Maria he met was a single mother with a young son called Nicholas, attempts to establish a relationship with Maria. Asking her out as a date for mother’s day at an amusement park, Trevor takes Nicholas on a ride called Route 666 while Maria was away with a phone call, where all flashing lights causes Nicholas to suffer from a seizure and that led Trevor to deep guilt. Maria was always there for him to talk and in return he â€Å"almost† got her son killed. From Trover’s reaction I couldn’t help but notice he has a very warm personality, given the fact that he hasn’t been able to sleep for a year, its surprising that he still maintains a warm personality with a big heart. His co-workers eventually turned against him when he was involved in an accident that causes one of his coworker, Miller losing one arm. Trevor was called to help monitoring the machine while Miller was hooked up to the machine trying to fix it but Trevor was distracted by an unfamiliar co-worker named Ivan was smiling and waving at him from the other side of work station, whom Trevor was told is a new worker, helping cover up for another old worker (Reynolds) while Reynolds was out of work dealing with a petty crime charge. But there was no one at the factory knows of Ivan and there areShow MoreRelatedSteve Jobs1401 Words   |  6 Pagesever came a day when I could no longer meet my duties and expectations as Apple s CEO, I would be the first to let you know. Unfortunately, that day has come.’ October 5, 2011- Steve Jobs dies at home, surrounded by his family. This report will review Steven Job’s childhood and uprising, his early career, his accomplishments and finally his legacy. He is someone who has turned his personality traits into a business motto. Here is how he did it. Born in San Francisco in February 1955 to two unmarriedRead MoreThe Struggle Of The World War II On The Film The Owl / Hollywood Vision 2701 Words   |  11 Pagesdiminish racial tensions which not only provided the Axis fuel for its propaganda engine but also could weaken wartime cohesion. Overall, as the OWIs â€Å"stress was on unity.† P85 Andrew Falk reinforces this principle using an OWI Script review of Battle Hymn. The review states â€Å"the fact that slavery existed in this country is certainly something which belongs to the past and which we wish to forget at this time when unity of all races and creeds is all-important† . In 1944, the release of the documentaryRead MoreDemystifying Six Sigma - a Company-Wide Approach to Continuous Improvement22857 Words   |  92 Pagesfirst-strike attack. The Sam Houston, and submarines like her, has the ability to retaliate with mass destruction. 0117 GMT Loud noise and escaping steam in the engine room. Throughout the ship power is lost to lighting and operating systems. The machinist mates report that the main valve to the starboard electrical generator has failed. The chief of the watch reports that the valve has been isolated and the steam leak has stopped. The starboard generator is out of service. Forward, the auxiliaryRead MoreHistory of Management Thought Revision17812 Words   |  72 Pagescomments about the accuracy of Emerson’s claims and Taylor’s reaction to Emerson’s testimony. 4. Watertown -- Taylor s ideas were to be implemented at the federal arsenals at Watertown (Mass.) and Rock Island (Ill.). Representatives of the machinists union told the workers to resist and a strike occurred. 5. Congressional investigation -- the strike lasted one week, but Congressional representatives from the Watertown and Rock Island districts asked for an investigation of the Taylor andRead MoreBest article11361 Words   |  46 PagesPaineWebber op Ann Rhoades, vice president of people for Southwest Airlines, was packing her briefcase at the end of a 17-hour day. Tomorrow was an off-site meeting with the top nine executives of Southwest Airlines. The agenda for the meeting was to review Southwest’s competitive position in light of recent actions by United and Continental, both of whom had entered Southwest’s low fare market. That day’s New York Times (September 16, 1994) had an article that characterized the situation as a majorRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes inRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesCritical chain method Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Reducing Project Duration Leadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure andRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesmore wary about adding employees. 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Managing Cases of Child Abuse in Singapore

Question: Discuss about theManaging Cases of Child Abuse in Singapore. Answer: Introduction Child abuse is defined as any act on the part of the guardian or parents that causes any grievous harm or injury and sometimes even lead to the death of a child. Child maltreatment is of various types, which includes abuses of different kinds such as, physical, verbal, emotional, sexual and even neglect (Lim et al.,2015). Exploitation of children or child abuse happens across all social, cultural and economic groups and it is the duty of the government and society to play a role in ensuring the protection of children by staying alert and taking initiatives in reporting cases of child abuse to police or to the Child Protection Service. This essay examines the detection and management procedures of child abuse cases in Singapore and evaluates the effectiveness of present Singaporean law, and whether further amendments are required in order to tackle the issue of child abuse in a more efficient manner. Child abuse is often described as a harmful but preventable disease causing mortality and morbidity in children, who can otherwise lead a healthy life ahead of them. They deserve a childhood free from any kind of abuse and negligence. According to some clinicians, in most cases it is perceived that the parents of the abused children have also been a victim of negligence and abuse in their childhood. In such cases, in their adulthood, the parents often resort to alcohol and drug abuse, psychiatric disturbance and criminal behaviour (Guan et al.,2016). In addition to this, another main reason for abusive behaviour in parents is often linked to poverty or financial constraints. The leading agency against child abuse in Singapore is the Child Protection Service (CPS) of the Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF), which was found in November 2012, along with the reformation of the previous Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports (Sharma Mistry, 2015). According to Children and Young Persons Act (CYPA), it is the responsibility of MSF to protect children from abuse and neglect ("Safeguards for better detection and management of child abuse cases | Ministry of Social and Family Development" 2017). On the other hand, under CYPA, parent or guardian found guilty of maltreatment of a child or young adult is subjected to prosecution (Chong et al.,2013). The top three sources that reports the maximum number of child abuse cases to CPS are the agencies involved in the network that is, the health care services, schools and police. However there are certain instances when a case child abuse goes unsuspected and in such a scenario the society needs to be more alert in its investigation. For example, if a child shows signs of constant poor health, tiredness and unattended medical needs, then he or she might be a victim of neglect. At the same time, the interaction between a child and his parents also acts as a significant indictor of child abuse. For example, children suffering from any kind of abuse often shows signs of aggression or withdrawal when they come in contact with their parents. Children suffering from emotionl or psychological abuse show signs of restricted growth and development, depression as well as sleeping and eating problems. According to Tan Chuan-Jin, Minister for Social and Family Development, a recent surge in the high profile cases of child abuse has led to the close examination and improvisation of the prevailing laws in order to restrict the increase of family violence and also to ensure an appropriate punishment for those found guilty. In a case reported recently, a couple was jailed for torturing their two-month-old son, Mohamad Daniel Mohamad Nasser, which eventually led to his death. The mother has been sentenced to eleven years of imprisonment, whereas her boyfriend was given 12 strokes of the cane and a 10-year jail term, for causing grievous injuries to the child (TAN 2017). Later on , the Law and Home Affairs Minister, K.Shanmugam, commented, that the prevailing system of law should be taken into account to make sure whether they are adequate enough to tackle such cases of child abuse and also the public should be encouraged to report immediately when they are aware of incidents of child ab use (TAN 2017). However, improvement in detection and reporting of abuse cases among children by numerous organizations, such as hospital and schools, has allowed the CPS to investigate more cases of child abuse. 2,022 cases of child abuse have been reported to CPS in the last year, of which 551 cases were investigated, which were instances of serious abuse (Li et al.,2014). According to CPS Director, Carmelia Nathen, there has been a 40 per cent increase in the rate of child abuse, compared to the period between 2012 and 2014 (TAN 2017).Most of the incidents reported were cases of sexual abuse inflicted by a family member. CPS refers cases of moderate and lower intensity to charities, since they are entitled as specialist centres for child protection, and are thus capable enough to deal with these cases. However, in cases of serious child abuse, CPS takes the matter in hand and has the power to keep the child away from the parents, until they become sure of the behavioral changes in parents. CPS ha s enhanced its screening tools and processes, and training is being provided to professionals involved in the child protection system, in order to improve their procedures and methods in dealing with abuse cases. CPS also takes into account cases handled by professionals not belonging to the ministry in order to ascertain the safety of those children. According to child protection officer, Firdawati Masri, in most cases the abuser is the parent of the child and belongs to different income and ethnic groups. In certain cases, mental distortions and intoxicative addiction also prevails within the parents ("Playing a part in stopping child abuse" 2017). In one such case, CPS has given the responsibility of a six-year-old girl to a family friend, who was physically abused by her alcoholic father whereas her mother stayed with her boyfriend and was least concerned about her daughter. Whereas in another case, a girl who was kept in the storehouse by her parents, was eventually rescued by CPS, who placed the girl under the temporary care of caregivers until her parents changed their methods of parenting, and now the girl has been reunited with her parents and their relationship has improved ("Playing a part in stopping child abuse" 2017). Dr. Chan Poh Chong, head consultant of the division of general ambulatory paediatrics and adolescent medicine at NUH, has handled many cases of child abuse for over 20 years. In one such instance, Dr.Chan alerted the medical social workers when he suspected something wrong while examining a boy with serious injuries. The case was referred to CPS, who after thorough investigation gave the childs responsibility to other family members. These incidents prove the efficiency of the CPS to handle cases of child abuse in an orderly manner. There are three types of abuse cases, low, moderate and high. Low risk cases mostly involve parents suffering from temporary stressful period due to financial constraint or job change. Moderate risk cases involves rare or one time abuse that may lead to serious injuries. Whereas, high-risk cases refers to long period of abuses and the parents does not suffer from a sense of guilt. When reported CPS handles the moderate to high-risk cases at the earliest, however for urgent and immediate support specialist child protection center Heart@Feiyue has also opened its emergency line to the people. Thus it can be concluded that the cases of child abuse can be controlled not only by the initiatives of the government but also through the active involvement of society as a whole. Public should be made aware of the dangers of child abuse and such incidents must immediately be reported to the concerned organisations for immediate intervention. References: Chong, W. H., Lee, B. O., Tan, S. Y., Wong, S. S., Yeo, L. S. (2013). School psychology and school-based child and family interventions in Singapore. School Psychology International, 34(2), 177-189. Guan, L. C., How, O. S., Hon, C. C., Sheng, F. D. S. (2016). Child and adolescent psychiatry services in Singapore. Li, D., Chu, C. M., Ng, W. C., Leong, W. (2014). Predictors of re-entry into the child protection system in Singapore: A cumulative ecologicaltransactional risk model. Child abuse neglect, 38(11), 1801-1812. Lim, C. G., Ong, S. H., Chin, C. H., Fung, D. S. S. (2015). Child and adolescent psychiatry services in Singapore. Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health, 9(1), 7. Playing a part in stopping child abuse. (2017). AsiaOne. Retrieved 20 February 2017, from https://news.asiaone.com/news/singapore/playing-part-stopping-child-abuse Safeguards for better detection and management of child abuse cases | Ministry of Social and Family Development. (2017). Msf.gov.sg. Retrieved 20 February 2017, from https://www.msf.gov.sg/media-room/Pages/Safeguards-for-better-detection-and-management-of-child-abuse-cases.aspx Sharma, R., Mistry, P. (2015). G454 (P) Retrospective survey of child protection case characteristics in an acute and community setting. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 100(Suppl 3), A189-A190. TAN, T. (2017). More child abuse cases being investigated. The Straits Times. Retrieved 20 February 2017, from https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/more-child-abuse-cases-being-investigated

Multinational Enterprises and Small and Medium

Introduction Multinational enterprises (MNEs) from the TRIAD have dominated business on the international stage for decades with roughly 70% of world trade conducted by MNEs and their affiliates (The economy: Economic structure, 2006: 29 – 31).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Multinational Enterprises and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More MNEs from the TRIAD have had to come up with innovative ways of working with companies from emerging economies in a manner that enables them to continue to dominate the world markets for both parties to benefit. This paper will look at how the MNEs from the TRIAD have continued to control a significant share of the world markets, and how their relationships with the SMEs in the emerging economies will evolve due to changing market dynamics. Dominance within International Markets Control, this concept is the underlying factor behind the do minance of MNEs within international markets wherein 70% of global trade at present is controlled by 500 corporations originating from the TRIAD. What must be understood is that unlike SMEs, MNEs are able to exert far more influence over the general public through better public relations, marketing, and advertising, which results in higher product patronage. Take the case of the U.S. for instance, within the country alone nearly 75% of commercial TV time, as well as 50% of public TV, is paid for by the 100 largest corporations within the state. Aside from sleeping and eating watching TV is actually the 3rd most time consuming activity done by a majority of people today, since MNEs practically dominate the advertising scene in this regard this positions them to sustain their current market shares better while at the same time enabling them to penetrate new markets which result in such companies being able to retain and increase consumer patronage of their products. Such a situation i s not exclusive only to the U.S. but rather is prolific in Japanese, European markets as well as in the markets of developing countries. The result is that this enables MNEs to virtually control nearly all aspects related to a customer’s perception of a particular product allowing to ensure that no other outcome except theirs will be bought. This, of course, translates into higher corporate profits in the long run as well as ensuring their long term survival and dominance. Another â€Å"control factor† that enables MNEs to dominate international markets it is their use of public policy influence initiatives to better align government initiatives and policies towards their own corporate goals. The following are examples of the various public policy influence initiatives in multiple countries which show the degree of MNE influence in governments today:Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OF F Learn More The lobbying of gun, alcohol and cigarette companies in the U.S. to sustain their ability to sell products which virtually kill hundreds of people a year without having to pay high corporate taxes to the government The influence of farmer groups within the E.U. which lead to the creation of CARP (Common Agricultural Policy) which cost the region billions of dollars a year in wasted overproduced products (under the Common Agricultural Policy the government is under the obligation to buy the excess production of farms which lead to numerous MNE associated farms producing far more than local demand) The machinations of MNEs within Japan who through their various corporate associated government officials enabled such companies to construct (at taxpayers’ expense) numerous useless roads and highways to far-flung areas that did not justify their creation. Other such examples take the form of the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement, which was ratified by most of the members of the United Nations. This agreement which focuses on the intellectual property right of countries and corporations has been highly criticized as being a tool to protect corporate interests and to abuse the traditional knowledge of developing countries by ensuring that corporations will benefit more from the protection of IPR (intellectual property rights) as compared to local indigenous communities (Panchak, 2004: 9). From both domestic policy and international relations standpoint, MNEs have a considerable degree of control over policy creation which they utilize as a means of protecting and maintaining their dominance within global markets (Kuhndt, Von Geibler Villar, 2003: 7-9). The last way in which TRIAD MNE’s have sustained their dominance within international markets has been through their superior supply chain and capital (Sullivan Bauerschmidt, 1991: 111-124). These companies are able to not only obtain variou s resources from a variety of locations cheaply and quickly but through their supply chain are able to manufacture and deliver their products to customers at an astounding rate (James, 2011: 52). Coupled with their considerable capital, these companies are able to weather the â€Å"storm† of fluctuating markets, enabling them to become dominant forces in the global economy (Lee, 2002: 32). Evidence of this can be seen in the way in which the 2008 financial crisis only â€Å"hampered† the operations of many MNEs, but within 2 years, they were making considerable profits in no time. This was unlike the situation SMEs at the time wherein hundreds if not thousands of SMEs around the world closed as a direct result of the impact of the financial crisis on their client base. The relationship between MNEs within the TRIAD and SMEs in low-cost economies When examining the relationship between MNEs within the TRIAD it can roughly be described as a â€Å"love/hate relationshipà ¢â‚¬  wherein where the interests of MNEs coincide there is a more significant deal of cooperation and mutual respect for the other however in cases of direct competition there is of course instances of direct conflict which more often than not results in adverse relationships (Muchlinski, 2011: 665).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Multinational Enterprises and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the case of MNEs and SMEs within low-cost economies, it can be examined in terms of the â€Å"core and periphery system† wherein MNEs act as the core supplying completed products to the periphery which in turn serve as selling such products to their customers (Polak, 2006: 13). Another relationship in this regard is when the MNEs (still acting as the core) outsource to SMEs (the periphery) in order to lower their business expenditures. In this particular case it the relationsh ip takes the form of a supply linkage were in all examples provided the core benefits more from the relationship than the periphery. Evolution of the Relationship of relationships between the TRIAD MNEs and SMEs within China, India, and Brazil There are many ways in which the relationship between TRIAD MNEs and SMEs within China, India, and Brazil can be defined however for this paper they will be examined from the context of supply/service linkages. First and foremost, what must be understood is that TRIAD MNEs often outsource various aspects of their production processes to SMEs within China, India, and Brazil. The reason behind this is quite simple; producing various products is far cheaper in these countries as compared to providing the same products in the U.S., Europe or Japan. Labor costs are considerably less expensive as well as the cost of utilities, and local government taxes are often far less as compared to that of 1st world countries (Wang, Ralston, 2000:677-701). Thi s has resulted in the modern-day trend of a large percentage of MNEs closing down their local production plants and transferring them to India, China, and Brazil. What must be understood though is that this relationship between TRIAD MNEs and the SMEs within the indicated countries all hinges on the fact that production in these countries is far cheaper as compared to that of the TRIAD. Should other cheaper alternatives present themselves, it would be logical to assume that MNEs would shift their operations to these new locations (Gao, 2009: 13). One example where this is occurring in the present can be seen in the case between the Philippines and India. For years India has been the â€Å"go-to† location for the outsourcing of back-office processes and customer service centers due to its well-established I.T. infrastructure and English speaking population. Yet within the past 5 years, the Philippines has overtaken India as the location of choice for the establishment of new c all centers and off-shored back offices. Other such examples can be seen in the case of Vietnam, Indonesia, Cambodia and other countries located within the Asia-Pacific region wherein due to improvements in their local industrial sectors local SMEs have slowly but surely begun to build up an entourage of MNE clients at the expense of India, China, and Brazil.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When taking this into consideration, it is evident that the evolution of such a relationship is that eventually TRIAD MNEs will merely have SMEs within China, India, and Brazil as distributors of their products and will not use them at all for the production of their goods or services. On the other hand, another possible result would be that TRIAD MNEs would further deepen their relationship with SMEs in Brazil, China, and India as a means of ensuring reliability within their supply chain in order to better supply emerging economies. The reason behind is connected to the fact that the â€Å"grey market† (this consists of various personally owned stands, stalls, and unregulated stores within a variety of emerging economies) have been shown to account for 3/4ths of all local trade within a range of countries. When examining the numbers, the â€Å"grey market† in some countries (mainly India, China, and Brazil) brings in millions of dollars in revenue per month. When exam ining such a phenomenon in action various MNEs such as Coca Cola, Nestle, Unilever, etc. support such SMEs by continuing to do business with them through multiple distribution centers. With various reports showing the continued growth of the grey economy in different emerging low cost economies the end result could be that MNEs might continue to establish relationships with India, China, and Brazil as a means of servicing the needs of this particular market segment given the geographic location of the aforementioned countries which enables them to directly trade with grey market distributors. Conclusion Based on the information presented in this paper it can be seen that MNEs will continue to be the dominant players in the global economy by their supply chain, capital expenditures and influence in both government and international policies as well and marketing/advertising initiatives. With the emergence of new low cost economies it is likely that MNEs will shift resources to either outsource in these economies instead of in Brazil, India, and China (as seen in the case of the Philippines) or they will try to meet the demand of the emerging grey market through better-established production and distribution centers in the aforementioned countries. Reference List Gao, TE 2009, ‘What Causes Multinational Companies to Increase Resource Commitments During Financial Crises in Emerging Markets?’, Multinational Business Review (St. Louis University), 17, 2, p. 13, MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost. James, D 2011, ‘PLAY WITH THE BIG BOYS’, Brw, 33, 3, p. 52, MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost. Kuhndt, M, Von Geibler, J, Villar, A 2003, ‘Challenges for SMEs in a globalized world economy’, Industry Environment, 26, 4, pp. 7-9, GreenFILE, EBSCOhost. Lee, J 2002, ‘China, Here We Come’, Asian Business, 38, 2, p. 32, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. Muchlinski, P 2011, ‘The Changing Face of Transnational Business Governan ce: Private Corporate Law Liability and Accountability of Transnational Groups in a Post-Financial Crisis World’, Indiana Journal Of Global Legal Studies, 18, 2, pp. 665-705, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost. Panchak, P 2004, ‘Fanning Protectionism’s Flames’, Industry Week/IW, 253, 6, p. 9, MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost, Polak, R 2006, ‘The Goldilocks approach to international benefits’, Employee Benefit News, 20, 13, pp. 16-18, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. Sullivan, D, Bauerschmidt, A 1991, ‘The â€Å"Basic Concepts† ot International Business Strategy: A Review and Reconsideration’, Management International Review (MIR), 31, 4, pp. 111-124, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. ‘The economy: Economic structure’ 2006, Country Profile. Japan, pp. 29-31, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. Wang, X, Ralston, D 2000, ‘Strategies for Small and Medium-Sized U.S. Businesses Investing in China: Lessons f rom Taiwanese Companies’, Thunderbird International Business Review, 42, 6, pp. 677-701, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. This essay on Multinational Enterprises and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises was written and submitted by user Cailyn Cruz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Learning and Performance

Introduction The concept of learning was extensively discussed by Bruner, a prominent scholar in the psychological field. However, several intellectuals considerably contributed to the subject, by employing several experiments and research projects, thus modifying the concept (Kellogg, 2002). They studied the theories of learning beginning from immaturity stage until the adult periods. Ultimately, they represented their findings in writing, which was later published for other educational purposes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Learning and Performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Describe the concept of learning Concept learning begins at a child’s birth and proceeds all through its lifetime period. It is further noted that concept learning only happens in the following ways, i.e., concept formation and assimilation. Concept formation entails how an infant struggles to learn and recognize shapes, col or, and names of things. For instance, under normal circumstances, a child should be able to learn all these, by the age of three. Concept acquisition often results from what we bump into such as new words, thus learning them. For instance, one may encounter a new word from a dictionary thus finding out its meaning. There are specific issues associated with concept learning, for instance, determining whether there are single or numerous mechanisms and the problem of determining what was done before an individual attain the knowledge. Concept learning is extensively influenced by certain types of knowledge, i.e., the casual and the schemas (Eysenck Keane, 2005). Several problems also characterize concept learning; for instance, lack of knowledge theories that may assist in inferring knowledge impacts. Additionally, it is tricky to have an extensive conceptualization of the factors that led to the attainment of knowledge. Distinguish between learning and performance There exist a con siderable difference between learning and performance. Learning is influenced by factors such as training, rewards, partial reinforcement, and interstimulus time; whereas, performance is influenced by motivations and individual effort (Benjamin, 2007). Tolman, prominent psychology, contributed to the difference by insisting that learning is unobservable, and it’s exclusively evaluated and deduced by performance. Tolman also mentioned that learning is an internal process; whereas, on the contrary, he regarded performance as a behavior (external).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Comparing and contrasting the conceptual approaches There exist two types of theoretical approaches, which noted as ecological and nonecological approaches. These approaches are directly linked to the study of learning, with different extensive explanations from several psychologists. It is noted that th ese two approaches consist of certain qualities; some of them are common to both methods, while others are not. The Ecological approach to the study of learning An ecological approach is considered as a product of traditional learning theory; in other words, the conventional learning theories played a vital role in developing the approach. However, despite its traditional origin, it is essential to acknowledge that, this theory approaches learning from a nontraditional perspective. The ecological approach also stresses that learning has certain features, which are decided by either two of the following reasons, i.e., previous happenings during the development period or by preontogenic factors that existed in their ancestors. The environment is one of the primary factors considered in defining and explaining the ecological factor. It plays a fundamental role in influencing the investigation and scrutiny of the learning process. Conclusively, the ecological approach connects learning with behavior, which is also extensively influenced by the environment. Nonecological approach to the study of learning The nonecological approach assumes a different position regarding the hitches of environmental explanations. It describes the environment as a collection of several stimuli and reinforcers. The application of stimuli on the approach utterly renders it nonecological, since it is unspecific to a particular person. It is noted that nonecological approach pilots the formation of several theories, although they are exclusively nonecological. Ultimately, it is also imperative, not to forget that tradition plays an extensive role in supporting the nonecological approach. Conclusion Bruner initially discussed the concept of learning, and then followed by several modifications by different scholars. The two concepts, i.e., learning and performance are dissimilar in various capacities, despite the extreme associations between them. There exist two types of conceptual approac hes, i.e., concerning learning; therefore, it is extraordinarily significant to understand the dissimilarity and the similarity within the terms, for a compelling understanding of the topic.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Learning and Performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Benjamin, T. L. (2007). A brief history of modern psychology. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. Eysenck, W. M. Keane, M. T. (2005). Cognitive psychology: a student’s handbook. New York: Taylor and Francis. Kellogg, T. R. (2002). Cognitive psychology. California: Sage. This essay on Learning and Performance was written and submitted by user Ally Branch to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

20 Words That Contain mn

20 Words That Contain mn 20 Words That Contain â€Å"mn† 20 Words That Contain â€Å"mn† By Mark Nichol While looking stuff up, I became curious about how many words include the unusual pairing of m and n, and I discovered more than I had expected. Many more than twenty exist, but I’ve listed only that number (along with their definitions), choosing to exclude several categories of words. (See below for details.) Words ultimately derive from Latin by way of an earlier form of English or French unless otherwise indicated. 1. alumnus: a former student of a particular school (from a Latin root word meaning â€Å"to nourish†) 2. amnesia: loss of memory, a gap in memory, or, informally, selective memory (from a Greek word meaning â€Å"forgetfulness†) 3. amnesty: pardon or freedom for a group of people (related to amnesia) 4. amnion: a membrane around an embryo or fetus (best known in the adjectival form amniotic) (from the Greek word for â€Å"lamb†) 5. autumn: the season also known as fall, or a late stage of life or existence 6. calumny: slander 7. chimney: the part of a building that includes one or more flues for discharging smoke, or a similar-looking rock formation 8. column: a long vertical building support, a similar-looking structure, a vertical arrangement of text, a statistical category, or a long row of marching people 9. condemn: convict, doom, or sentence, or declare something wrong (the root word is related to damn) 10. contemn: treat with contempt 11. damn: condemn, or send to hell, or used as an oath or an intensifier 12. gymnast: an athlete who competes in exercise routines on a floor mat or on specialized equipment (from Greek) 13. hymn: a religious song (ultimately from Greek) 14. insomnia: inability to sleep 15. limn: describe, delineate, draw, or paint 16. mnemonic: relating to memory, or intended to assist in memory (from Greek) 17. omnibus: a large passenger vehicle (the full word from which bus is derived), or an anthology 18. remnant: a part left over from a whole 19. solemn: sad and or serious, or sincere 20. somnolent: sleepy, or causing one to feel sleepy (related to insomnia) I’ve excluded the following categories of words: variations and inflectional endings, the dozen other words beginning with the prefix omni-, the nine words that end with m followed by the suffix -ness (such as calmness), obsolete words, proper names like the Native American place name Tuolumne, and obscure, little-used terms like simnel (referring to a crisp bread or a fruitcake) that no one but a serious Scrabble competitor would know. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Capitalize Animal and Plant NamesStory Writing 101Neither... or?

Housing and Benefits for Asylum Seekers in UK Essay

Housing and Benefits for Asylum Seekers in UK - Essay Example Housing is at the very cornerstone of reception and resettlement (BRC 1987, 96-99; Carey-Wood etal. 1995, 66-72; Majke 1991, 267- 283; Refugee Council 1997; Robinson 1993, 170-186) and controlling access to housing has become an increasingly important part of the government's asylum and immigration strategy. Without adequate shelter, few other opportunities exist for those unfortunate enough to be destitute. With no permanent address, there is little chance of establishing the minimum rights of citizenship, which offer inclusion into the host society. Social exclusion has been a reality for many thousands of asylum seekers over a prolonged period of time. This was true even before the more draconian measures introduced in the Immigration and Asylum Act 1999. The prevailing environment of competition, performance review and value for money has had the effect of increasingly marginalising the most vulnerable groups in British society. In all but a few notable exceptions, the needs of asylum seekers have been inadequately addressed by either public or private sectors (Zetter and Pearl 1999a, 24-27). This has been due to a combination of institutional inertia and political sensitivity - both cock-up and conspiracy. The most recent legislative measures have further exacerbated the process of exclusion, generating additional hardship for an already overburdened group by extending uncertainty and increasing dependency. In reality, the rights and entitlements of refugees are little changed by the Immigration and Asylum Act 1999. They remain eligible to receive support and assistance in terms of both benefits and housing from the public sector. This is an important distinction from asylum seekers. Refugees are individuals or households whose status under the 1951 Geneva Convention has been approved by the UK government: that is, their 'well founded fear of persecution' has been accepted. They are likely to have either permanent or long-term status of residence in the UK and generally share in the usual rights of citizenship. (Duke, 1995, 12-18) Those with refugee status are eligible for assistance under the homelessness legislation and qualify for the housing register. To a large extent, such households have fewer institutional barriers to overcome than asylum seekers. Asylum seekers have no such clarity of outcome, for which they depend on the result of their pending application. While in this state of limbo, they are disqualified from access to employment, benefits or permanent housing, and are thus placed at the very margins of society. Indeed, at certain times within the mid-1990s, large numbers of single asylum seekers were actually destitute. (Joly, 1996, 121-128) The political reality behind the asylum legislation appears, therefore, to indicate a reliance on two cardinal principles above all other considerations: 1. the control and limitation of public expenditure, particularly personal benefits 2. the maintenance of an image of political toughness. (Robinson, 1985, 305- 330) It seems likely that excessive zeal in investigating applications and a